- Architecture, design and 3D visualisation/virtual reality expertise at the GSA will partner with interdisciplinary expertise from across the UK to deliver ground-breaking research to help prevent the spread of AMR
- Partners include microbiologists, medics, bacteriologists and other practitioners including the practice of Channel 4’s “Supervet” (Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd).
- A total of £2M was awarded by the AHRC to 11 projects, almost one third of which was allocated to three GSA-led projects
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) projects led by architecture and design researchers at The Glasgow School of Art have attracted over £600k of funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) it was announced today, 13 July 2017. The funding was allocated for projects using an interdisciplinary approach to address one of the greatest problems facing the world today. The GSA has been successful in attracting support for three different £250,000 research projects, more than any other institution in this round of funding. The projects will see the GSA partnering with colleagues in leading Higher Education institutions from across the UK and with other specialists including Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd, the ground-breaking practice of Noel Fitzpatrick, Channel 4’s “Supervet”.
“Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially resistance to antibiotics, is a growing global problem. We are facing a rise in the number of bacteria becoming resistant to existing antibiotics without an increase in new antibiotics or new treatments. It is clear that an interdisciplinary approach is needed to tackle these challenges and make a step change in addressing antimicrobial resistance.”
Arts and Humanities Research Council
A total of £2M was awarded to 11 projects. The three successful GSA-led projects are:
- Relationship between ventilation and AMR in homes: a project to investigate how contemporary housing design affects indoor microbes and what the effects of this might be on anti-microbial resistance. It will be led by experts at the GSA’s Mackintosh Environmental Research Unit (MEARU) in partnership with microbiologists in the department of Civil Engineering at the University of Leeds. The project comes out of the AHRC supported HEMAC (Health Effects of Modern Airtight Construction) research. Principal Investigator is Professor Tim Sharpe of MEARU.
- RIPEN In the first study of its kind, RIPEN will use a mix of design, visualisation and other approaches to explore how nurses understand and respond to the priorities and consequences of AMR. Expertise inhealthcare design from the GSA will partner with expertise in nursing, history, health services research and service design from King’s College London, Glasgow Caledonian University, University of the Arts London and Imperial College London. The project comes out of the AHRC supported HAIVAIRN (Healthcare Associated Infection Visualisation and Ideation Research Network) research. Principal Investigator is Dr Colin MacDuff from the School of Design at the GSA
- AMRSim: A Microbial Reality Simulator: helping to visualise bacteria to ensure effective infection prevention and control (IPC) in small animal veterinary practices. The research will see experts in design for health & care, spatial design, and virtual reality and 3D programming from the GSA partnering with leading veterinary bacteriology and pathology, and environmental psychology experts from the University of Surrey, together with Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd, the ground-breaking practice of Noel Fitzpatrick. The project arose from research previously undertaken under the AHRC funded visionOn project. Principal Investigator is Professor Alastair Macdonald from the School of Design at the GSA.
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“The application of design is helping to devise innovative solutions to many issues facing contemporary society,” says Professor Tom Inns, Director of The Glasgow School of Art. “One of the most important challenges is increasing antimicrobial resistance where our experts in environmental research and design in age, health and care have already undertaken ground-breaking projects working with a wide range of interdisciplinary partners.”
“These AHRC AMR grants will now enable teams of experts led by researchers at the GSA to co-design responses to three key challenges - build up of microbes in new housing, spread of AMR in hospitals and community health, increase of Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in small animal veterinary practice – and to make real and tangible difference to people’s lives.”
Relationship between ventilation and AMR in homes
The relationship between ventilation and AMR in homes research, which will be led by the experts from the GSA’s Mackintosh Environmental Research Unit (MEARU), will build on MEARU’s earlier work communicating the importance of proper ventilation to residents of new build housing (undertaken in partnership with Hanover Housing Association) in order to help minimise build-up of bacteria.
In the early 19th century, the way that houses were designed led to considerable improvements in public health, largely as a result of improvements in sanitation, but also access to fresh air and sunlight. In recent years however, commercial interests and building legislation have largely dictated design issues. During this time the ways that buildings have been designed and constructed has changed significantly, mainly as a response to issues of climate change.
Improved thermal performance and increasing airtightness has been able to isolate the building from the external environment, which will have benefits in terms of reduced CO2emissions, lower running costs and better comfort. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that levels of ventilation, and consequent standards of indoor air quality (IAQ) are reducing and there is emerging evidence that this might have negative health impacts.
People – especially vulnerable groups such as the old and very young - spend a great deal of time in the home, and so any change to the indoor biome may significantly affect occupants’ health. This study aims to close this gap in knowledge by undertaking an assessment of contemporary housing to determine the ventilation characteristics and related this to the presence and nature of microorganisms in the home, with the specific aim of identifying factors that would impact on the presence and proliferation of anti-microbial resistant microorganisms.
It anticipated that this could lead to change in the way that we design buildings, in particular ventilation provision, and the project will aim to address this through a programme of academic, industry and public dissemination.
RIPEN
RIPEN (Re-envisaging Infection Practice Ecologies in Nursing) builds on visualisation of pathogens work undertaken by the GSA in partnership which Robert Gordon University, NHS Grampian, NHS Lanarkshire and GAMA Healthcare Ltd
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its consequences pose serious threats to health and welfare globally. Across the world nurses constitute the largest professional healthcare workforce and typically nurses have numerous daily interactions with healthy and ill individuals, family members, community groups and other care professionals. As yet, however, the profession has not leveraged its full potential to prevent AMR advancing or to countenance the consequences of failure.
The RIPEN study seeks to address the question: How can relevant arts and humanities approaches help nurses to re-envisage their infection control practice ecologies in response to antimicrobial resistance?
In doing so it will investigate four subsidiary questions:
How do groups of hospital and community based nurses understand and respond to the priorities and consequences of AMR within the context of their everyday working lives?
How can co-design and visualisation based approaches help these nurses to identify and construct sets of meaningful practices that optimise present prevention of AMR?
How can co-design, visualisation, history and other relevant arts and humanities approaches help nurses to re-imagine and re-envisage their infection control practice
ecologies in a future with minimal or no effective antibiotics?
What priority issues and other questions does this initial enquiry raise, and how can these best inform policy and planning, education and further research?
AMRSim: A Microbial Reality Simulator
AMRSim: A Microbial Reality Simulator will take the work already undertaken by GSA led projects in the area of visualising the spread of human pathogens into the area of small animal veterinary practice. The research sees experts in design for health and care, spatial design, 3D programming and virtual reality from the GSA partnering leading veterinary bacteriology and pathology and environmental psychology experts from the University of Surrey, and Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd, the ground-breaking practice of Noel Fitzpatrick
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are an established and growing issue in small animal veterinary practice in the developed world. Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for tackling the AMR problem. The uptake of appropriate IPC is heavily influenced by human risk perception and consequent behaviour and the way humans and animals interact with the physical environment of the vet practice.
The problem is, people can’t see the bacteria on themselves, on animals, or on the surfaces and objects they touch. This makes it difficult to prevent and control infection in the most effective manner, as habits and standard practice are hard to change if you don’t know what you are dealing with. While data exist to inform best practise in infection control, they are usually published in academic journals, thus having limited impact on how practitioners understand and practise IPC in their working environment.
Effective communication and teaching tools are therefore necessary to ensure individuals’ understanding and behaviours are in line with scientific recommendations.
Our previous work in the human health environment has shown the power of ‘making the invisible, visible' by simulating infection control on a hospital ward using a visual simulator. We shall build on this experience with a new, multidisciplinary team with expertise in digital design, spatial design, co-design, environmental psychology, veterinary practice, and microbiology.
Using a co-design process, we shall build a dynamic interactive virtual model (AMRSim - A Microbial Reality Simulator) of the vet practice that takes human, animal and microbial data from the real world, and makes them ‘come alive’ in a visual way. Importantly, the model will allow the normally invisible bacteria to be ‘seen’ as they multiply and spread through the indoor environment on people, animals and surfaces.
Actual video footage will be used of the movements of humans and animals within a busy vet practice and the procedures undertaken, including those intended to reduce infection. The bacteria within the simulation will be introduced according to what is known of bacterial infection (types, location, antibiotic resistance) within vet practices from data already available.
By 'seeing' the interactions of animals, humans, and bacteria within space and time it will be possible to improve efforts to prevent bacteria entering and spreading through the physical environment, and improve their removal when they do.
It is our intention that the experience we gain in developing and using AMRSim will be applied more widely, such as for teaching students and to simulate other indoor environments where biosecurity is paramount.
Dr Colin MacDuff from the GSA will also be part of the team working on the “Lifting the Lid on Bacteria” project led by Dr Catherine Stones at the University of Leeds which seeks to design ambient communications to improve hygiene in primary school toilets,
Ends
For further information on the GSA contact
Lesley Booth
0779 941 4474
@GSofAMedia
For further information on the AHRC contact:
Natasha Stanton
Tel: 01793 41 6021
Notes for Editors
The Arts and Humanities Research Council
The Arts and Humanities Research Council funds world-class, independent researchers in a wide range of subjects: history, archaeology, digital content, philosophy, languages, design, heritage, area studies, the creative and performing arts, and much more. This financial year the AHRC will spend approximately £98 million to fund research and postgraduate training in collaboration with a number of partners. The quality and range of research supported by this investment of public funds not only provides social and cultural benefits and contributes to the economic success of the UK but also to the culture and welfare of societies around the globe. You can find out more information via www.ahrc.ac.uk or following us on Twitter at @ahrcpress, on Facebook at Arts and Humanities Research Council, or Instagram at @ahrcpress
The expert teams who will deliver the research projects are:
The relationship between ventilation and AMR in homes
- Principal Investigator: Professor Tim Sharpe The Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh School of Architecture Environmental Research Unit
- Co-Investigator: Dr Gráinne McGill The Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh School of Architecture Environmental Research Unit
- Co-Investigator: Professor Catherine Noakes, University of Leeds, Dept. of CivilEngineering
- Co-Investigator: Dr Louise Fletcher University of Leeds, Dept. of Civil Engineering
RIPEN
- Principal Investigator: Dr Colin MacDuff, The Glasgow School of Art, School of Design
- Co-Investigator: Professor Anne Marie Rafferty, King's College London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery
- Co-Investigator: Dr Alison Prendiville, University of the Arts London, London College of Communication
- Co-Investigator: Professor Kay Currie, Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Life Sciences
- Co-Investigator: Dr Enrique Castro- Sánchez, Imperial College London, Dept. of Medicine
- Co-Investigator: Dr Caroline King, Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Life Sciences
- Co-Investigator: Dr Sarah Rhodes, University of the Arts London, Central Saint Martin's College
- Co-Investigator: Professor Rick Iedema, Centre for Team-based Practice & learning in Health Care, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London.
AMRSim: A Microbial Reality Simulator
- Principal Investigator: Professor Alastair Macdonald, The Glasgow School of Art, School of Design
- Co-Investigator: Dr Matthieu Poyade The Glasgow School of Art, School of Simulation and Visualisation
- Co-Investigator: Dr Filbert Musau, The Glasgow School of Art, Mackintosh School of Architecture
- Co-Investigator: Professor Mark Chambers , University of Surrey , Veterinary Medicine & Science
- Co-Investigator: Dr Kayleigh Wyles , University of Surrey , Psychology
- Co-Investigator: Professor Roberto La Ragione , University of Surrey , Veterinary Medicine & Science
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd.